Using `action-mapping` for Request Forwarding in Struts

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질문:

How action-mapping tag is used for request forwarding in Struts configuration file?

답변:

In Struts, the action-mapping tag is used in the Struts configuration file (typically struts-config.xml) to define how requests are mapped to specific actions and how those actions are processed. Request forwarding is a key part of this process, allowing the application to forward requests to different resources (like JSP pages) after an action has been executed.

Here's how you can use the action-mapping tag for request forwarding in a Struts configuration file:

Basic Structure of action-mapping

<action-mappings>
    <action path="/yourAction"
            type="com.example.YourActionClass"
            name="yourForm"
            scope="request"
            input="/error.jsp">
        <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>
        <forward name="failure" path="/failure.jsp"/>
    </action>
</action-mappings>

Explanation of Attributes

  • path: This is the URL pattern that will trigger this action. For example, if the user accesses /yourAction, this action will be invoked.

  • type: This specifies the fully qualified name of the action class that will handle the request. This class should extend Action and implement the execute method.

  • name: This is the name of the form bean that will be populated with the request parameters. It should match the name defined in the form-beans section of the configuration.

  • scope: This defines the scope of the form bean (e.g., request, session, or application).

  • input: This is the path to the input page (usually a JSP) that will be displayed if there are validation errors. If the action fails, the user will be forwarded to this page.

Forwarding Requests

Within the action tag, you can define multiple forward tags:

  • forward: Each forward tag defines a possible outcome of the action. The name attribute is used to identify the forward, and the path attribute specifies the resource to which the request should be forwarded.

Example Usage

In the example above, when a user accesses /yourAction, the YourActionClass will be executed. Depending on the outcome of the action, the user will be forwarded to either success.jsp or failure.jsp:

  • If the action returns a forward with the name success, the user will be forwarded to /success.jsp.
  • If the action returns a forward with the name failure, the user will be forwarded to /failure.jsp.

Action Class Example

Here’s a simple example of what the action class might look like:

public class YourActionClass extends Action {
    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
                                  HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        // Your business logic here

        if (/* some condition for success */) {
            return mapping.findForward("success");
        } else {
            return mapping.findForward("failure");
        }
    }
}

Summary

The action-mapping tag in Struts is essential for defining how requests are handled and how to forward responses to different views based on the outcome of the action. By using the forward tags within the action tag, you can control the flow of your application effectively.

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